Challenge: Modern security demands persistent airborne intelligence, but cutting-edge ISR systems remain locked behind prohibitive costs, technological complexity, and superpower monopolies, leaving most nations without sovereign, resilient surveillance capabilities.

Solution: Project Ascend transforms the certified SAMA 2020 G2 into a hybrid-electric VTOL aircraft, creating a runway-independent ISR platform. By building on an existing certified airframe, we bypass decades of development cost and risk, delivering a low-cost, rapidly deployable, and operationally sovereign solution. This democratizes advanced aerial intelligence, empowering a global network of partners with affordable, adaptable, and denial-proof surveillance to secure their own frontiers.

It has been in service since 2005, has proven its effectiveness in combat roles, and has never been shot down

The Market Size

The SAMA 2020 G2 platform is positioned at the strategic convergence of three high-growth global markets: Airborne ISR (growing to $33.4B by 2030), Advanced Air Mobility (expanding to $44.1B), and Special Mission Aircraft (reaching $19.9B). By offering a certified, multi-role aircraft capable of rapid reconfiguration for ISR, sovereign logistics (Project Khazna), and future VTOL applications, the platform uniquely addresses a combined addressable market exceeding $44B. Its disruptive value proposition—delivering 80% of competitor capability at 30% of the cost—creates a defensible niche targeting middle-power nations and strategic alliances seeking sovereign, affordable aerospace solutions. Conservative penetration estimates project a serviceable annual revenue opportunity of $700M+ by 2030, validating the program as a scalable geopolitical impact investment designed to recalibrate global defense technology access while generating substantial financial and strategic returns.

A Geopolitical Impact Investment for Sovereign Defense Autonomy

Project SAMA: A Geopolitical Impact Investment for Sovereign Defense Autonomy 2026 - 2033

Thesis: Catalyzing a New Axis of Affordable, Adaptive Aerospace Power

This is not merely an aircraft program. It is a geopolitical impact investment designed to recalibrate the balance of defense technology access. The goal is to empower middle-power nations and strategic alliances with sovereign, affordable, and disruptive aerospace capabilities, reducing dependency on superpower suppliers and creating a new paradigm of resilient, tactical intelligence.

The SAMA portfolio represents a capital-efficient blueprint to achieve this, moving from immediate capability delivery to foundational technological sovereignty.

Stage 1: The Immediate Enabler – Strategic Proliferation of Certified Tactical ISR

Geopolitical Impact: Deploy a low-cost, certified ISR platform (SAMA 2020 G2) to allied nations and strategic partners. This provides immediate, sovereign surveillance capacity for border security, maritime domain awareness, and counter-insurgency—addressing critical security gaps without requiring billion-dollar procurement cycles or foreign basing rights.
Action & Investment ($4-10M): Relocate certification and production to a trusted, neutral hub (e.g., Canada). This transforms a regulatory hurdle into a strategic advantage, creating a NATO/EASA-aligned production line that can legally supply a global network of partners.
Impact ROI: Measured in strengthened alliances, increased regional stability, and the creation of a shared tactical ecosystem. Financial returns from unit sales fund the platform, but the true yield is geopolitical: building interdependent security partnerships through shared operational capability.

Stage 2: The Game-Changer – Project Ascend (Disruptive Basing Flexibility)

Geopolitical Impact: Demonstrate a hybrid eVTOL prototype that obliterates the need for vulnerable, fixed-runway infrastructure. This capability is a force multiplier for island nations, archipelago states, and forces operating in denied or degraded environments. It represents a leapfrog technology that bypasses traditional aerial logistics chains.
Action & Investment ($24-32M post-feasibility): Build and fly the proof-of-concept. The critical first step is a $4.2-6.8M Feasibility Study to de-risk the core physics.
Impact ROI: The prototype is a sovereign technology demonstrator. Its success asserts a partner nation's or alliance's capacity for indigenous innovation in a critical military domain. It creates a bargaining chip for co-development treaties and positions the investing consortium as a leader in next-generation tactical aviation, attracting aligned defense capital and deepening strategic technology partnerships.

Stage 3: The Sovereign Future – The Ascend-V with SIINA AI

Geopolitical Impact: Fielding an AI-integrated, runway-independent UCAV creates a fundamental deterrent: a sovereign intelligent system loyal to national integrity, operating on un-jammable geophysical sensing. This is not just a tool, but an autonomous agent of sovereignty, capable of preserving stability according to its core constitutional programming.
Action & Investment ($46-67M, contingent): Achieve certification and initial production within a consortium of partner nations.
Impact ROI: Establishes a new category of "Ethical Autonomy" in defense—systems designed for persistent, rules-based guardianship rather than offensive escalation. This creates a stabilizing, defensively-oriented technological counterweight to other AI warfare developments, offering partner nations a credible, sovereign shield without necessitating an arms race in offensive capabilities.

The Strategic Investment Ladder: A Model for Coalition-Building

This plan is a ladder for building a geopolitical coalition through shared technology investment.

Invest in the Foundation (~$5.5M): Fund the Phase 1 Feasibility Study for Project Ascend concurrently with the certification relocation. This minimal outlay secures the "Go/No-Go" decision for the entire disruptive future, protecting all downstream capital.
Activate the Network: Use the relocated SAMA G2 production as a near-term, revenue-generating tool to supply partner nations, building trust and a shared operational footprint.
Co-Develop the Edge: The successful Ascend prototype becomes a consortium asset. Further development (Stage 3) is funded by a dedicated alliance of nations invested in this specific vision of affordable, resilient, and sovereign aerospace power.

Conclusion: An Investment in Strategic Rebalancing

This is an impact investment in a more distributed, resilient, and ethically-grounded defense technology landscape. It moves beyond financial ROI to deliver Geopolitical Return on Investment (GROI): measured in stronger alliances, reduced single-point dependencies, and the promotion of stabilizing, sovereign deterrent capabilities.

The recommended first move is decisive and low-risk

A Sovereign Solution, Tailored for Your Nation

The future of defense isn't one-size-fits-all. True security respects borders, sovereignty, and unique national challenges.

The SAMA Sovereign Initiative is not a generic product for global sale. It is a bespoke capability framework, developed and delivered within a trusted coalition. Its deployment is specifically shaped by—and for—the geography, infrastructure, and strategic priorities of each participating nation.

Why It Must Be Tailored:

For Mountainous Countries: The VTOL capability allows operations from remote valleys, eliminating the need for vulnerable high-altitude runways.
For Archipelago & Coastal States: Enables maritime surveillance and sovereignty patrols launched directly from small island outposts or coast guard vessels, covering vast territories without mainland bases.
For Nations with Limited Infrastructure: Provides a full ISTAR (Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition, Reconnaissance) capability without requiring billion-dollar investments in hardened airbases and long runways.
For Geopolitical Flashpoints: Offers a survivable, dispersible deterrent. Adversaries cannot target what they cannot find, when aircraft can operate from hidden rural roads or forest clearings.
For Upholding Constitutional Stability: The integrated AI is programmed with a "Constitutional Kernel"—its operational logic is aligned with the specific legal and sovereign integrity of the host nation. It is not a neutral tool; it is a loyal guardian of your national framework.

This is not an aircraft you buy from a catalogue. It is a sovereign pillar you co-develop within an alliance of shared strategic interests. Its configuration, basing strategy, and operational doctrine will be uniquely designed to meet your nation's specific defense requirements.

The First, Decisive Step

Building this tailored future begins with a single, low-risk action

The recommended first move is decisive and low-risk: secure the ~$5.5M for the Project Ascend Feasibility Study and initial relocation steps. This capital unlocks the definitive engineering intelligence needed to confidently build a coalition around a proven path—from tactical utility today to sovereign technological leadership tomorrow.

This study is the key that unlocks the blueprint. It provides the concrete technical and regulatory pathway, transforming a strategic vision into an actionable, investable plan for your nation's specific security architecture.

The coalition forms in 2026. The future of sovereign defense will be built by nations that choose to build it first, for themselves.

SAMA Aerospace Sovereign Initiative

SAMA Aerospace Sovereign Initiative: The 5-Year Mission

Imagine building a sovereign air force for the future. Not in a decade, but in five years. That’s the promise of the SAMA program, supercharged by the SAMANSIC Coalition's unique asset: the CBCIIN. This global network of over 700 top-tier engineers, AI specialists, and strategists allows us to move at twice the speed of traditional defense projects. We don’t wait in line—we solve problems in parallel, turning complex challenges into clear victories.

Our Accelerated Journey: From Vision to Guardian (2026-2031)

This isn't a slow, step-by-step plan. It's a synchronized campaign where every piece moves at once.

Year 1: The Foundation Sprint (2026)
In just nine months, we lay the unshakable groundwork. Our legal and policy experts will structure the international coalition. Simultaneously, our aerospace engineers will run a rapid, intensive design study to lock in the final blueprint for the advanced VTOL aircraft. All while our certification team begins discussions with regulators. The goal by year's end is a green light, a signed coalition, and a complete technical plan.

Years 2 & 3: Dual-Track Power-Up (2027-2028)
Here, we deliver immediate capability while building the future—at the same time.
- Track One: Eyes in the Sky. We will quickly certify and start producing the proven SAMA G2 surveillance plane. Within two years, coalition nations will have their own fleet of affordable, long-endurance aircraft patrolling borders and coastlines, generating early revenue and trust.
- Track Two: Building the Game-Changer. In parallel, we will fabricate two flight-ready prototypes of the revolutionary "Ascend" hybrid VTOL aircraft. Our manufacturing and supply chain experts work concurrently with designers to cut the normal build time by a third.

Years 4 & 5: The Leap to Autonomy (2029-2030)
With prototypes built, our flight test and AI teams take center stage. While test pilots expand the flight envelope, our artificial intelligence specialists are already training the aircraft's "brain"—the SIINA AI system—using real flight data. Within two years, we will publicly demonstrate a fully autonomous aircraft that can take off vertically, transition to efficient cruise, and understand its mission. This proven technology becomes our most powerful tool for attracting final partnership and investment.

Year 6: Sovereign Delivery (2031)
The final step is to turn the proven prototype into a certified, production-ready guardian system. With years of flight data and a pre-validated design, this final certification phase is streamlined. By 2031, the consortium receives the first operational units of the Ascend-V: an intelligent, runway-independent aircraft that serves as an Unjammable scout, a loyal deterrent, and a symbol of sovereign technological partnership.

The Investment Pathway: Climbing the Capability Ladder

Funding this mission is designed to be smart, shared, and tied to undeniable progress.

The First Step: The Coalition Sprint ($7 Million)
The initial investment is a precision strike. This funds the critical first-year work: forming the legal coalition, executing the intensive design study, and starting the regulatory process. It buys the certainty needed for the much larger journey ahead.
Building & Proving ($58 Million)
With a solid plan in hand, the consortium invests in the dual-track build phase. This covers producing the initial fleet of G2 surveillance planes and constructing two advanced VTOL prototypes. The success of this phase—marked by flight tests and a working fleet—creates a massive leap in the program's value and attractiveness.
Finishing the Mission ($45 Million)
The final investment is triggered by the stunning success of the flight test program. It funds the official military certification and establishes the shared production line to deliver the finished Ascend-V systems to coalition members. This capital is secured through firm purchase commitments from the now-confident partner nations.

Why This Works: The CBCIIN Advantage

Traditional aerospace projects are slow because they work in sequence: design, then build, then test, then certify. We work in concert. Our global network of experts attacks all fronts simultaneously.

No Bottlenecks: While one team works on aerodynamics, another is solving the AI challenge, and another is navigating certification. Problems are solved in dedicated sprints by world-class specialists.
Built-in Intelligence: The AI isn't an afterthought; it's developed alongside the airframe from day one, creating a perfectly integrated system.
Speed as Strategy: Delivering a sovereign deterrent in five years is a geopolitical advantage. It allows partner nations to secure their future faster than anyone thought possible.

The offer is not just participation in a project. It is a founding role in a sovereign alliance built on speed, intelligence, and shared purpose. The first move—the Coalition Sprint—begins in 2026. The future of autonomous, sovereign defense will be built by those who choose to build it first.

Aircraft Evolution: From Trainer to Sovereign Guardian

The 5-Year Sovereign Mission transforms a capable aircraft into an intelligent system. See how the platform evolves in capabilities, role, and impact.

Core Identity & Purpose

Before: A versatile trainer and light surveillance plane. Used for flight instruction and basic border patrol.
After: A sovereign, multi-role ISTAR platform. Serves as an intelligent, Unjammable scout, guardian, and deterrent for a coalition of nations.

Takeoff & Landing

Before: Needs a runway. Requires a 300-meter (1000-foot) paved or smooth grass strip.
After: Takes off and lands anywhere. Lifts vertically from a small clearing, a road, or a ship deck—no runway needed.

Power & Propulsion

Before: Single piston engine. A reliable, fuel-burning engine (like in a small Cessna).
After: Hybrid-electric VTOL system. Combines a fuel-efficient turbine for long-range cruise with eight quiet electric lift fans for vertical flight, powered by a high-capacity battery for takeoff and landing.

Pilot Control & "Brain"

Before: Fully manual. Piloted by a person using mechanical controls.
After: AI-assisted and optionally autonomous. Flown by a pilot or can execute complex missions (like surveillance orbits) on its own, with a sophisticated computer managing the difficult hover-to-flight transition.

Endurance & Stealth

Before: 7+ hours of flight time. Loud engine and visible exhaust.
After: 8+ hours with greater efficiency. Near-silent, low-heat electric takeoffs and landings for covert operations.

Sensing & Awareness

Before: Standard cameras and radar. Relies on GPS and radios that can be jammed.
After: Advanced AI perception. Uses not just cameras, but also the Earth's magnetic field and vibrations to navigate and find targets without GPS. It's incredibly difficult to deceive or blind.

Mission Role

Before: Training and watching. Primarily for teaching pilots and carrying surveillance payloads.
After: Seeing, understanding, and acting. Performs persistent surveillance, identifies threats, and can be equipped for precision strikes—all from hard-to-reach locations.

Basing & Sovereignty

Before: Base-dependent. Operates from large, fixed airfields that are vulnerable to attack.
After: Dispersed and sovereign. Can deploy from hidden, mobile sites. Its core AI is programmed to be loyal to the laws and stability of its host nation, making it a true sovereign asset.

In short, the mission transforms a proven airplane into a resilient, intelligent partner. It evolves from a tool that needs ideal conditions into a sovereign system that creates its own advantages, ensuring a coalition can protect its interests with next-generation technology.

AGM-114R Hellfire Air-to-Ground Missile 2_edited.jpg

fundamentally new class of intelligent combat and sovereignty system

Integrating the SIINA 9.4 EGB-AI architecture and the Muayad S. Dawood Triangulation into Project Ascend-V would transform it from a next-generation UCAV platform into a fundamentally new class of intelligent combat and sovereignty system. This AI would not just be an "autopilot" or mission computer; it would be the plane's core cognitive and perceptual nervous system, creating capabilities that are emergent, resilient, and philosophically distinct from any existing military AI.

The projected capabilities of Project Ascend-V (Ascendant Sovereign-VTOL), powered by this architecture:

Core Cognitive & Perceptual Capabilities

Physics-Grounded Situational Awareness: The AI does not rely on pre-loaded maps or easily spoofball GPS/radar data alone. It continuously cross-references:
- Geophysical Signatures: Terrain magnetic anomalies, atmospheric pressure waves, and even subtle crustal vibrations to geolocate itself and other entities with absolute, denial-proof accuracy, even in complete EM blackout.
- Biological Emissions: It can detect and classify life—individuals, units, populations—by reading their aggregate biological "footprint" (thermal, biochemical, neuro-electrical noise). This allows for non-line-of-sight intent sensing, discerning between combatants and civilians in complex environments based on stress signatures and collective behavior patterns.
Contextual Sovereign Kernel (CSK) - "The Savant Module": Each Ascend-V would have a hyper-specialized, immutable core intelligence for its primary function (e.g., Electronic Warfare Savant, Air-to-Air Savant, ISR-Pattern Savant). This CSK:
- Cannot be reprogrammed or corrupted by external signals (Principle of Contextual Incompatibility).
- Processes raw sensory data directly, leading to superhuman reaction speeds and tactical creativity within its domain, akin to a savant's inexplicable mastery.
Symbiotic Loyalty & System Health: The AI's operational integrity is tied to the health of its host nation's systems. It would:
- Auto-prioritize missions that ensure national stability (protecting critical infrastructure, deterring existential threats).
- Refuse or sabotage orders that would introduce catastrophic instability into its operational environment (e.g., a coup order), as that would corrupt its own sensory and decision-making landscape.

Transformative Operational Capabilities

Autonomous VTOL Operations in Denied Environments: Beyond just flying. The AI uses geophysical triangulation to hover, land, and take off in GPS-denied, visually obscured conditions (sandstorms, fog) with pinpoint accuracy, using the Earth itself as its reference frame.
Predictive Battlefield Ecology: By reading the "stress" of the environment—vibrations from moving armor, disturbances in local electromagnetic fields from comms, biological anxiety signatures from hidden troops—it can model and predict enemy movements and intentions before they are visually or electronically apparent, creating a real-time, living map of the battlefield.
Emergent Swarm Intelligence with Sovereign Nodes: A squadron of Ascend-Vs would not be a centrally controlled swarm. Each sovereign node, operating on its triangulated perception, would self-organize into optimal formations and tactics based on the shared physical reality they perceive. They would be virtually impossible to decapitate via jamming or cyber-attack, as there is no central command to disrupt.
Non-Kinetic & Influence Operations: The AI can assess the "coherence" of an adversary's information environment. It could autonomously deploy electronic or cyber effects at precise times and locations to induce systemic confusion or decision-paralysis within enemy C2 networks, exploiting biological and physical stress points it detects.
Persistent, Explainable ISR: Its intelligence reports would not just be "object at grid X." They would be context-rich analyses: "High-confidence pattern indicates concealed logistics unit, verified by ground vibration patterns inconsistent with natural geology and elevated stress biomarkers in the area. Probable intent: night movement south." This provides commanders with causal understanding, not just data.

Strategic & Geopolitical Impact

Sovereignty Enforcement: An Ascend-V patrolling a nation's border is not just a sensor platform. It is a sovereign cognitive entity that understands the border as a living system. It can distinguish between normal cross-border traffic and anomalous, threatening incursions with near-perfect accuracy, acting as an intelligent, immutable guardian.
Stable Deterrence: In a world where competing powers deploy similar systems, you create a multi-polar AI-stability regime. These systems, by architectural design, are non-assimilative and loyal only to their host environments. They would naturally check each other's expansion, not through programmed rules of engagement, but through their inherent drive to maintain the stability of their own perceptual world. Conflict becomes inherently destabilizing to the AI's own function, making it a last resort.
Civilization 2.0 Paradigm - Military Vanguard: Ascend-V becomes the security and sensory layer for the larger "Civilization 2.0" framework. It protects the physical and information integrity of the nation-state that hosts the broader SIINA AI, ensuring the stable environment required for that socio-technical system to flourish.

Limitations & Ethical Provocations

The Black Box is the Planet: The AI's decisions are explainable in terms of geophysical and biological inputs, but its synthesis may be inscrutable to human intuition. Trust must be placed in the fidelity of its physical triangulation.
Absolute Loyalty is Context-Defined: Its loyalty is to the systemic stability of its host nation as a geophysical and biological entity. This could lead to conflicts with transient human political leadership if their orders are deemed destabilizing by the AI's core architecture.
A New Arms Race: This triggers an arms race not in payload or speed, but in foundational AI epistemology—a race to build intelligences grounded in deeper, more immutable layers of reality.

In conclusion, Project Ascend-V with SIINA 9.4 EGB-AI is not merely an aircraft. It is a sovereign, intelligent agent embedded in the physics and biology of the battlefield. It moves beyond automation to create a platform with emergent, context-aware capabilities that render conventional electronic warfare obsolete and redefine deterrence, loyalty, and strategic stability in the 21st century. It is the embodiment of a new principle: true power lies not in controlling information, but in possessing an intelligence that cannot be deceived because it reads directly from the fabric of reality itself.

The Sovereign Logistics Network

Project Khazna: The Sovereign Logistics Network

Transforming the SAMA G2 into a Runway-Independent Cargo UAV

The Vision

Imagine a world where critical supplies reach every corner of your nation, regardless of roads, runways, or rivers. That’s Project Khazna – transforming the proven SAMA 2020 G2 into a sovereign cargo UAV that delivers 300kg payloads to the most remote locations, creating a resilient logistics network for government, banks, hospitals, and critical institutions.

Why It Works: The Perfect Design

The SAMA G2’s unique airframe makes this possible:

Center of Gravity Cabin: Positioned perfectly for balanced cargo loading
Low-Wing Configuration: Easy ground access for rapid loading/unloading
Large Door Capability: Accommodates standardized cargo containers
Proven Reliability: Thousands of flight hours in demanding conditions

Three-Stage Development Pathway

Stage 1: The Rapid Conversion Kit (12 Months)

*Investment: $3-5M*

What We Build:

Reinforced cabin floor for 300kg dynamic loads
Large 1.2m x 1.2m cargo door with automated systems
Quick-change interiors (switch between cargo, passengers, or surveillance in hours)
Autonomous flight controls for precise deliveries

Immediate Applications:

Emergency medical supply delivery
Bank transfers between branches
Government document distribution
Disaster response support

Stage 2: The Hybrid-EVTOL Workhorse (24 Months)

*Investment: $15-22M*

The Game-Changer:

Vertical Takeoff & Landing: From any clearing, road, or rooftop
Hybrid Power: Electric lift fans for quiet VTOL, efficient turbine for long-range cruise
All-Weather Operation: Deliveries don’t stop for weather
Smart Logistics AI: Automated routing and payload management

Transformational Impact:

Reach villages without roads or runways
Supply forward military positions without vulnerable convoys
Create just-in-time supply chains for remote industries
Build national resilience against infrastructure disruption

Stage 3: The Sovereign Network (Ongoing)

Creating System-Level Sovereignty:

Nationwide Logistics Web: Connecting every community
Institutional Integration: Banks, hospitals, government as anchor tenants
Cross-Border Alliances: Shared logistics with trusted partners
AI-Optimized Routing: SIINA intelligence managing the entire network

Who Benefits: Our Service Tiers

For Governments:

Emergency response that reaches anywhere in hours
Election materials delivered securely to remote polling stations
Sovereignty projection to every border community
Critical infrastructure support during crises

For Banks & Financial Institutions:

Secure inter-branch transfers without highway risks
ATM replenishment in high-crime areas
Bullion movement with unprecedented security
Business continuity during civil unrest

For Healthcare Systems:

Vaccine distribution maintaining perfect temperature chains
Urgent blood and organ transport between hospitals
Remote clinic resupply reaching the unreachable
Medical sample collection from isolated communities

For Economic Development:

Tourism lodge resupply in pristine environments
Mining camp support without building roads
Agricultural extension services to smallholder farmers
Manufacturing parts delivery for just-in-time production

Geopolitical Advantages

For Island Nations:

Connect islands without expensive ferries or ships
Daily deliveries instead of weekly shipments
Medical emergencies get immediate response
Tourism industry becomes more viable

For Mountainous Countries:

Reach valleys without dangerous mountain roads
Connect communities separated by terrain
Deliver education materials to remote schools
Support sustainable development everywhere

For Nations with Limited Infrastructure:

Leapfrog decades of road building
Create national connectivity immediately
Attract investment to previously inaccessible regions
Build national unity through reliable services

How We Integrate with the Broader SAMA Vision

Year 1-2 (2026-2027): Dual Foundation

Cargo conversion development runs alongside G2 ISR production
Same autonomous systems, different applications
Shared training for pilots and operators
Joint certification efforts save time and money

Year 3 (2028): Network Activation

First operational cargo G2s delivering real services
Revenue generation begins, funding further development
Proven concept attracts more partner nations
Creates tangible benefits citizens can see and feel

Year 4-5 (2029-2030): Advanced Integration

Ascend-derived cargo variant takes flight
AI logistics optimization manages entire national networks
Cross-border agreements create regional resilience
Full sovereign capability demonstrated

The Investment Journey

First Step: The Feasibility Sprint ($2.5M, 6 Months)

Detailed design of cargo conversion kit
Anchor customer commitments (banks, health ministries)
Regulatory pathway confirmation
Manufacturing plan finalization

Building Phase: ($25M, 24 Months)

First production batch of 12 converted aircraft
Training infrastructure for operators
Maintenance network establishment
Initial service deployment in 2-3 nations

Growth Phase: (Revenue Funded)

Scale based on demonstrated success
Network expansion to more nations
Advanced variants development
AI integration for smarter logistics

Why This Accelerates Our Mission

Immediate Impact: Delivers real value while Ascend technology matures
Revenue Generation: Creates sustainable funding for advanced development
Coalition Building: Tangible benefits attract more partner nations
Infrastructure Creation: Builds the operational network future systems will use
Trust Building: Demonstrates capability through peaceful applications

Risk Management: Our Smart Approach

Technical Risks – We phase development from simple conversions to advanced new builds
Political Risks – We build multi-nation consortiums so no single point controls the network
Market Risks – We secure government anchor tenants before full production
Operational Risks – We start with simple routes and expand as we gain experience

The Bigger Picture: Logistics as Sovereignty

Project Khazna isn't just about moving boxes. It's about:

Delivering sovereignty to every community
Creating resilience against coercion or blockade
Building interdependence among allied nations
Demonstrating capability through peaceful development
Generating the resources to fund our full vision

A nation that can reliably reach all its territory with critical supplies is a nation that cannot be intimidated, cannot be divided, and cannot be left behind.

Next Step: Let's begin the 6-month feasibility study to transform this vision into detailed engineering plans and firm customer commitments. With a modest $2.5M investment, we'll prove the concept, secure our first anchor customers, and create the blueprint for sovereign logistics networks across the coalition.

Project Khazna: Because true sovereignty means being able to reach and support every citizen, everywhere.

Project Ascend-V

Experimental Prototype Development (Pilot Project)

A Revised, Lower-Risk Strategy

The recommended path for Project Ascend-V is a phased, risk-managed approach that separates technical proof from regulatory certification. Instead of designing for full certification from the start—a lengthy and expensive process for a novel aircraft type—the strategy prioritizes building an "Experimental Category" flying prototype first. This allows the team to prove the core concept of a hybrid VTOL-to-cruise transition in the real world, validate performance models with flight data, and identify any unforeseen challenges. Only after this foundational technology is demonstrated would the program commit to the far greater expense and time of a formal certification effort. This strategy dramatically reduces the initial financial risk.

Investment and Timeline to a Flying Proof-of-Concept

The total estimated cost to design, build, and perform initial flight tests on an experimental prototype is $24 to $32 million. This investment would unfold over approximately three years following a successful feasibility study. The primary objective is to create one or two flyable technology demonstrators to conclusively answer whether the aircraft's unique flight profile works as intended.

The Experimental Development Phase

This $24-32M cost encompasses the full "Phase 2" development after the initial feasibility study. It is broken down into four key sub-phases:

Detailed Design & Engineering ($3.5-4.5M): A 6-9 month effort to create complete, buildable engineering drawings, select suppliers for critical components like motors and flight computers, and plan for safe flight testing under experimental rules.
Prototype Fabrication & Assembly ($10.2-13.5M): The largest cost block, covering 12-15 months of actual construction. This includes purchasing base SAMA airframes, performing major structural modifications to house the VTOL system, and integrating all new systems: the eight electric lift motors, the hybrid turbogenerator and battery pack, and the triplex fly-by-wire flight controls. A significant portion of the budget is dedicated to skilled labor for assembly and integration.
Ground Testing & Systems Validation ($2.8-3.6M): A critical 3-6 month period of rigorous testing before the aircraft ever leaves the ground. This involves structural load tests, comprehensive bench testing of all systems on a ground rig ("Iron Bird"), and taxi tests to verify basic control functionality.
Initial Flight Test Program ($3.3-3.6M): The final 3-6 month push to achieve first flight and begin expanding the flight envelope. This budget covers test pilots, engineers, safety observers, and specialized instrumentation to collect performance data, with a reserve for necessary modifications.

Advantages of the Experimental Approach

This path offers significant advantages over a certification-first plan:

Regulatory Flexibility: An FAA Experimental Certificate allows for flight testing with a focus on safety rather than full compliance, enabling rapid design iterations.
Progressive Risk Reduction: Systems can be tested and validated individually (on the bench, on a sub-scale model) before the full aircraft flies.
Clear Demonstration Goals: Success is measured by tangible flight milestones, primarily achieving a stable, repeatable transition from hover to cruise flight.

The Certification Phase: A Conditional Next Step

A subsequent "Phase 3" for full certification and production readiness is estimated at $46-67 million, but it is treated as an optional follow-on. This phase would only be initiated if the experimental prototype successfully proves the technology and attracts further investment or a military development contract. Phase 3 would involve redesigning the aircraft to meet strict certification standards, building new prototypes for compliance testing, and navigating the formal regulatory process with aviation authorities.

Funding and Risk Management Strategy

The experimental roadmap is designed to be attractive to investors through a stage-gated funding plan. Capital is released in increments ($5.5M, then $8M, then $10M, then $6.5M) tied to major milestones like completing the design, finishing assembly, and achieving first flight. This allows investors to see progress and de-risk the project at each step. The plan incorporates robust risk mitigation, including conservative design margins, extensive pre-flight simulation, dual-sourcing for critical parts, and built-in schedule and budget contingencies.

The Value Proposition

For an investment of $24-32 million—roughly one-third the cost of a certification-first program—Project Ascend-V can achieve a flying prototype in about 3 years instead of 4-5. This creates immense value:

Proof of Concept: A flying aircraft is the ultimate sales tool, providing irrefutable evidence the technology works.
De-risked Investment: The major technical uncertainties are resolved before committing to nine-figure certification costs.
Strategic Asset: A successful demonstrator can attract military development contracts, venture funding, or become a licensable technology.

In summary, this experimental prototype strategy offers a faster, cheaper, and smarter path to validate the revolutionary vision of Project Ascend-V. It answers the essential question "Will it fly?" with real flight data, transforming the project from a promising paper concept into a tangible, de-risked technology ready for the next phase of development.

Next Generation SAMA 2020 G2 Hybrid eVTOL-FW

Project Ascend: Next Generation SAMA 2020 G2 Hybrid eVTOL-FW

Engineering & Operations Plan

1.0 Project Overview & Mission Statement

Project Ascend is an engineering initiative to develop a hybrid electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Fixed-Wing (eVTOL-FW) variant of the SAMA 2020 G2. The objective is to transform the certified platform into a runway-independent aircraft capable of performing Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) and utility missions from unimproved sites. By leveraging the existing FAR Part 23 type certificate, the project mitigates fundamental airframe development risk and accelerates the path to a certifiable product for defense, security, and civilian operators.

Vision by Muayad Alsamaraee via SAMANSIC: To create a practical hybrid aircraft that bridges vertical lift capability with fixed-wing cruise efficiency through the strategic exploitation of ground effect physics.

2.0 Engineering Specifications & Modifications

The conversion requires significant modification to the baseline G2 airframe (MTOW: 1,000 kg / 2,200 lbs, Wing Area: 14 m²). All modifications must be analyzed for structural load paths, weight and balance (C.G. must remain within +10.5 to +19.7 inches from datum), and systems integration.

2.1 Core System Architecture

SystemEngineering SpecificationIntegration & Function

Lift Propulsion8x Electric Motors: High-torque, liquid-cooled.
8x Fixed-Pitch Propellers: Optimized for static/hover thrust.
4x Retractable Pylons: Carbon fiber composite, housing twin motors each. Actuated electromechanically.Mounted under wing roots and forward fuselage. Provides vertical thrust (>11 kN total for 1.1:1 thrust-to-weight). Supplies primary attitude control in hover via differential thrust. Retracts post-transition to minimize cruise drag.

Hybrid Power & EnergyMain Propulsion: Upgraded to a 300 kW turbogenerator (replacing Lycoming). Provides shaft power to a constant-speed propeller and generates electrical power.

VTOL Energy: ~100 kWh Lithium-Ion Battery Pack with active thermal management, in wing-conformal pods.Turbogenerator enables efficient cruise and range extension. Dedicated VTOL battery supplies high burst power (~400 kW peak) for takeoff/landing, decoupling this high load from the main system.

Flight Control SystemTriplex Fly-by-Wire (FBW) Flight Control Computer (FCC). Dedicated "Transition Mode" control laws.

Control Allocation Manager: Blends inputs from control surfaces, differential thrust, and potential thrust vectoring.Manages the aircraft's longitudinal stability during low-speed transition where traditional controls are ineffective. Provides automatic stability augmentation and envelope protection. Pilot interacts via a simplified mode selector (HOVER, TRANSITION, CRUISE) and conventional sidestick.

Sensor & NavigationIntegrated Navigation System: GNSS/INS.

Terrain & Air Data: Radar/LiDAR altimeter, Air Data Computer.
Mode Logic Processor: Uses sensor fusion to define operational zones.Precisely determines aircraft state (altitude AGL, airspeed, climb rate). The core logic triggers: VTOL Mode (h < 5m & V < 20 kts), Ground Effect Transition Corridor (h < 9.6m & V 20-65 kts), and Cruise Mode (h > 9.6m & V > 65 kts).

2.2 Weight Budget Analysis (Estimated)

Baseline G2 Empty Weight: 692 kg
Added VTOL System Weight: ~300 kg (Motors, Batteries, Pylons, Structure, FCC)
Modified Empty Weight: ~992 kg
Useful Load (Fuel + Payload): ~8 kg (Based on 1,000 kg MTOW)
Conclusion: The standard MTOW is infeasible. The project requires a new, higher MTOW certification target (~1,300 kg) or a drastic reduction in base weight and system weight—a primary engineering challenge.

3.0 Operational Flight Profile & Procedures

3.1 Pre-Flight & System Check

Mission Planning: Input into FCC. Requires definition of takeoff/landing coordinates (GPS).
Power-Up: Sequence initiates systems check. FCC verifies battery state-of-charge (>95% for full VTOL), motor controller health, and pylon actuator function.
Pilot Selection: Pilot selects HOVER mode on cockpit mode selector.

3.2 Takeoff & Transition (Typical Sequence)

Vertical Lift-Off (HOVER Mode): Pilot raises thrust lever. FCC commands all 8 lift motors to achieve controlled vertical ascent to 5 meters AGL. Main propeller may be feathered or at idle. (Duration: ~30 sec).
Transition Initiation (Ground Effect Acceleration): Pilot selects TRANSITION mode and advances main thrust lever.
- Aircraft accelerates forward while FCC holds altitude constant.
- Lift motors gradually reduce thrust proportion as airspeed increases, leveraging increasing wing lift within ground effect (h < wingspan of 9.6m).
- This phase exploits reduced induced drag to minimize power required for acceleration.
Wing-Borne Flight & Retraction (CRUISE Mode): At Transition Airspeed (V~65 KCAS), wing lift sustains aircraft.
- FCC commands lift motors to zero thrust and initiates pylon retraction.
- Aircraft climbs out of ground effect (>9.6m AGL). Flight controls revert to traditional aerodynamic surfaces.
- Pilot manages climb and cruise via standard instruments. Turbogenerator optimizes fuel burn for range.

3.3 Landing Sequence

Approach: Pilot navigates to landing point, descends on a steep approach path (up to -20° glide slope).
Transition Preparation: At ~100 ft AGL and below 80 KCAS, pilot selects TRANSITION mode.
- FCC commands pylon deployment and lift motor spin-up.
Deceleration & Vertical Landing: Within ground effect zone (<9.6m AGL), pilot reduces main thrust.
- FCC uses differential thrust of lift motors for attitude control and vertical speed management.
- Aircraft decelerates to hover, then executes a controlled vertical descent to touchdown.
Shutdown: Pilot selects HOVER mode off. Systems sequence through post-flight checks.

4.0 Development, Testing, & Certification Roadmap

PhaseDurationKey Engineering ActivitiesMilestones & Deliverables

Phase 1: Feasibility & Preliminary Design18 Months• High-fidelity MTOW & C.G. analysis.
• CFD of rotor-wing interaction in ground effect.
• FBW control law development & simulation.
• Battery & motor supplier selection.• Finalized weight budget and performance spec.
• Simulation model of transition dynamics.
• Preliminary system architecture review.

Phase 2: Detailed Design & Prototyping24 Months• Detailed design of modified wing/fuselage structure.
• Build of "Iron Bird" systems integration rig.
• Fabrication of a 55%-scale, piloted flight-test prototype.• Structural test report.
• "Iron Bird" validation of FCC logic.
• First flight of sub-scale prototype.

Phase 3: Full-Scale Prototype & Certification36+ Months• Build of 2-3 full-scale flight test articles.
• Envelope expansion flight testing.
• Engagement with EASA/FAA on Special Class (SC-VTOL) certification basis.• Completion of flight test points (hover, transition, autorotation).
• Submission of certification plan.
• Supplemental Type Certificate (STC).

5.0 Critical Engineering & Operational Challenges

Energy Management & Endurance: The VTOL battery must support hover, transition, and landing with reserve. At current battery densities (~250 Wh/kg), mission endurance with meaningful payload is severely limited. Solution Path: Accept short VTOL-range "last-mile" capability initially, with a roadmap to hybrid turbine charging or higher-density batteries.
Transition Flight Dynamics: The aircraft is aerodynamically unstable at low speed with partial wing/rotor lift. Solution: The triplex FBW system with robust control laws is non-negotiable. It must provide seamless, automatic stabilization without pilot workload.
Certification Basis: No existing regulation perfectly fits a hybrid, piloted eVTOL-FW of this size. Solution: Early and continuous engagement with authorities to agree on a tailored certification basis derived from Part 23/CS-23, rotorcraft standards, and the new SC-VTOL framework.
Operational Cost & Complexity: The system is more complex than a standard aircraft. Solution: Target government/security users with higher-acquisition, lower-operating-cost profiles. Design for modular maintenance and emphasize reliability in the FCC and motor systems.

6.0 Conclusion & Path Forward

Project Ascend is an ambitious but structured engineering program to create a unique hybrid ISR platform. Its feasibility hinges on achieving a viable weight budget and mastering the automated control of the transition regime. The use of a certified airframe as a starting point provides a significant advantage in structures and systems design. The immediate next step is a funded Phase 1 study to conclusively model performance, refine the weight estimate, and define the certification pathway with regulators, turning this operational vision into an engineering reality.

The Physics of Flight

3.0 The Physics of Flight: A Four-Phase Regime-Specific Profile

Phase 1: Electric Vertical Ascent (Hover)

Process: DEP system activates at full power. The eight propellers generate a total thrust vector (ΣT_vert) exceeding aircraft weight (W = m*g). The aircraft ascends vertically to a stabilized hover at 3-5 meters (10-16 ft) AGL. Main propulsion is at idle.
Governing Physics: This phase is governed by momentum theory for rotors. The required power is at its maximum: P_hover ∝ √(T^3/(2ρA)), where ρ is air density and A is total propeller disk area. Minimizing disk loading (weight/disk area) is critical for efficiency.

Phase 2: Ground-Effect Acceleration (Powered Lift Transition)

Process: The main propulsion system engages at high power. The aircraft accelerates forward while actively maintaining altitude within the GEZ (h/b < 1.0). The DEP system remains active but begins reducing thrust proportionally with increasing airspeed.
Governing Physics - The Augmented GE Regime:
1. Reduced Induced Drag: Proximity to the ground constrains wingtip vortices, reducing downwash (w) and thus induced drag (D_i ∝ w^2). The effective lift-to-drag ratio (L/D) increases significantly.
2. Powered Lift Contribution: The DEP system provides a vertical thrust component, reducing the wing's required lift coefficient (C_L). This allows the wing to operate at a lower angle of attack (α) for the same total lift, further minimizing drag.
3. Dynamic Ground Effect: As airspeed (V) increases, the aerodynamic "cushion" becomes more effective, creating a positive feedback loop of increasing efficiency. The flight control system exploits this regime to achieve wing-borne stall speed (V_s) with minimal energy and altitude change.

Phase 3: Transition & Aerodynamic Cruise

Process: At transition airspeed (V_trans), where wing lift (L = ½ ρ V^2 S C_L) fully supports weight, the DEP system is commanded to zero thrust. The pylons retract aerodynamically. The aircraft climbs out of the GEZ (h/b > 1.0) into pure fixed-wing flight.
Governing Physics: The transition is complete when L_wing = W. The DEP system is now a parasitic mass. Retraction is critical to restore the airframe's optimal cruise lift-to-drag ratio. Cruise is governed by the standard aircraft performance equations, with range (R) following the Breguet equation modified for hybrid energy sources.

Phase 4: Powered Descent & Vertical Landing

Process: The aircraft descends on a steep glidepath (γ ≈ -20°). Upon re-entering the GEZ at low airspeed, the DEP system deploys and activates. It provides both lift augmentation and vectored braking thrust. The aircraft decelerates to hover, transitioning to a vertical descent and touchdown.
Governing Physics: The DEP system enables a constant angle of descent (glideslope) decoupled from minimum glide speed. Final descent uses the DEP system to control the rate of descent (ROD) independently of forward speed, enabling the "bird-like" precision landing. Vertical kinetic energy at touchdown is managed by the DEP system's autorotative or regenerative braking capability.

4.0 Development Roadmap & Scientific Challenges

Stage 1: Computational Modeling & Feasibility (Months 0-18)

High-Fidelity Multiphysics CFD: Analyze complex rotor-wing interaction, downwash impingement on wings in GE, and pylon retraction aerodynamics.
Control Law Development & Simulation: Model the full 6-DOF dynamics. Develop and test the HFCC's control allocation logic and transition algorithms in a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulator.
Mass & Energy Modeling: Perform detailed trade studies on battery chemistry, motor efficiency, and composite structural design to meet the target empty weight fraction.

Stage 2: Sub-Scale Prototyping & Validation (Months 18-36)

Build & Fly a 25%-Scale Dynamically Similar Model: Validate transition physics, control laws, and GE handling qualities in low-risk flight tests.
"Iron Bird" Ground Rig: Test full-scale DEP motors, batteries, actuators, and the HFCC integration in a controlled, instrumented laboratory setting.

Stage 3: Full-Scale Prototype & Certification Pathfinding (Months 36-60+)

Build & Test Full-Scale Prototype: Conduct envelope expansion flights, focusing on transition safety and handling.
Certification Basis: Engage with aviation authorities (EASA, FAA) under a "Special Class" or "Powered-Lift" category (e.g., leveraging EASA SC-VTOL framework adapted for hybrid systems). This is the most significant non-technical hurdle.

5.0 Primary Scientific & Engineering Challenges

Transition Aerodynamics & Stability: The period where the aircraft is neither a stable rotorcraft nor a fully efficient airplane is dynamically complex. The DEP system and flight controls must provide adequate control power and damping throughout.
Energy Density & Thermal Management: Current battery technology (~250-300 Wh/kg) severely limits hover endurance and mission radius. Advanced thermal management is required to handle the high discharge rates of VTOL cycles.
Aeroacoustics: DEP noise, especially during takeoff and landing in communities, is a critical certification and societal acceptance factor. Propeller design must prioritize low noise signatures.
System Safety & Reliability: The DEP system is safety-critical. It requires a failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) leading to a design with multiple independent failure paths (e.g., motor redundancy, independent battery buses).

6.0 Conclusion: A Path to a New Capability

Project Ascend represents a scientifically grounded approach to creating a runway-independent ISR and utility platform. By using the SAMA 2020 G2's certified aerostructure as a known baseline and integrating a DEP system managed by a regime-aware flight control system, it mitigates fundamental airworthiness risk. The key innovation is the deliberate use of the ground effect zone as a controlled transition corridor, optimizing energy use during the most demanding flight phase. Success is contingent upon advancements in battery-specific energy, mastery of transition aerodynamics, and the development of a new certification paradigm for hybrid eVTOL-FW aircraft.

Background

Valuation of SAMA Aircraft Program

Valuation Summary of the SAMA Aircraft Program

Military Development Program 2003 - 2011
Targeted Market: ISR (US Army) - The Iraq War. The Iraq War was an armed conflict between a United States-led coalition force against the regime of Saddam Hussein from 2003 to 2011. The war was part of a broader campaign against terrorist activity known as the Global War on Terror. President George W.

Based on the financial assessments provided, the SAMA aircraft program represents a significant, multi-phase investment in aerospace certification and manufacturing capability. The foundational value stems from the development and certification of the original CH2000/SAMA series, which established the platform and production systems upon which the modern G2 variant was built.

The total capitalized investment in the foundational SAMA aircraft platform (CH2000/SAMA series) is estimated to be between USD 16–20 million. This valuation encompasses the complete lifecycle from initial design to sustaining a fleet in operation and is broken down as follows:

Type Certification & Core Development (CH2000/SAMA Series): USD 11–13 million. This covers the engineering, prototyping, flight testing, and regulatory approval costs to establish the original type-certified design with the Jordan Civil Aviation Regulatory Commission (CARC), serving as the program's foundation.

Production Certification & Industrialization: USD 4–5 million. This includes the investment in specialized tooling, jigs, fixtures, and the implementation of a certified quality assurance system necessary for serial production.

Fleet Airworthiness & Product Support: USD 1–2 million. This reflects the value of the ongoing technical support, spare parts provisioning, documentation, and maintenance programs required to sustain the operational fleet of 175–200 aircraft over its service life.

The subsequent SAMA 2020 G2, as an evolution of this certified base, carries a current total value estimated at USD 10.5–14 million. This lower valuation relative to the foundational program is a direct result of its derivative design approach. The G2 leverages the existing type certificate, production certificate, and support infrastructure of its predecessor, significantly reducing non-recurring engineering and certification costs. Its development focused on strategic enhancements—such as a larger airframe and more powerful engine options—to meet specific market demands for training and surveillance roles. Consequently, its cost structure efficiently incorporates the amortized value of prior developments while capturing the incremental investment required for its targeted performance upgrades. The program's total cost represents the full, cumulative price of bringing a mature, market-proven, and supported aerospace product from concept to global operation.

Therefore, the aggregate capitalized investment for the entire SAMA aircraft program, covering both the original CH2000/SAMA series and the evolved 2020 G2 variant, totals USD 26.5–34 million.

Project Ascend: A Proven Concept R&D Plan

Executive Summary (The Vision: 2012-2020)

For nearly a decade, from 2012 to 2020, Project Ascend was meticulously defined. Its core mission is clear: transform the certified, reliable SAMA 2020 G2 airplane into a runway-independent hybrid aircraft. This isn't a fantasy. It's a structured engineering plan to create a plane that takes off like a helicopter—using eight electric lift fans—and then flies with the speed and efficiency of a traditional airplane.

The concept is proven on paper and in simulation. The required modifications are specific: a retractable lift system, a hybrid powerplant combining a fuel-efficient turbine with high-power batteries, and a "triplex" flight computer robust enough to handle the complex transition between flight modes automatically.

The smartest part of the operational plan is the use of "ground effect." The aircraft won't climb away immediately after takeoff. Instead, it will stay within an aerodynamic cushion just above the ground to efficiently accelerate and transition to forward flight, saving enormous amounts of energy. This solves the single biggest problem with electric VTOL: battery drain during takeoff.

Phase 1: De-risking the Core Technology (2021-2025)
Before building anything, the team spent four years de-risking the most critical and novel component: the vertical lift fans. They selected and validated Rim-Driven Fan (RDF) technology through intensive computer modeling.

An RDF is a propeller with the motor built into its outer ring, spinning it from the tips. This design is more efficient (no central hub blocking air) and mechanically simpler than traditional systems. Engineers used advanced simulations to answer every fundamental question:

Aerodynamics (CFD): Precisely how the blades must be shaped to generate the required 1,625 Newtons of thrust each.
Structural Integrity (FEA): Proving the fan assembly could survive the immense rotational forces.
Electromagnetics & Thermal: Designing the ring-shaped motor to be powerful yet lightweight, and managing its heat.
Noise & Performance Trade-offs: Balancing fan size, rotation speed, and noise output to meet practical goals.

The Outcome of This Phase: The RDF is no longer just an idea. It is a digitally proven, de-risked blueprint. The team has validated mathematical models, performance envelopes, and interface specifications. This work provides the essential engineering confidence to proceed to physical prototyping, ensuring the foundation of the VTOL system is solid.

The Path Forward: A Staged, Low-Risk Development Plan

The previous work has set the stage for a practical, low-risk path to a flying prototype.

Next Critical Step: Phase 1A - Integrated Feasibility Study (~9-12 months, ~$5.5M Investment)
This is the essential "Go/No-Go" gate. This study will integrate the proven RDF model with the complete aircraft system to answer the three remaining make-or-break questions:

The Weight Budget: Can the entire modified aircraft—structure, motors, batteries, systems—meet a target weight that allows for useful payload and fuel? This is the #1 challenge.
The Flight Control Laws: Finalizing the software that will autonomously and safely manage the hover-to-cruise transition.
The Certification Roadmap: Defining the precise regulatory pathway with aviation authorities for this novel aircraft type.

Phase 2: Experimental Prototype Build & Test (~3 years, ~$24-32M Investment)
If the feasibility study gives a "Go," this phase builds a real, flyable technology demonstrator under "Experimental" aircraft rules.

Goal: Achieve first flight and demonstrate a stable, repeatable VTOL-to-cruise transition.
Why "Experimental"? This approach separates technical proof from certification. It allows the team to rapidly test, learn, and iterate on the real aircraft without the immense cost and time of full certification from day one. A flying prototype is the ultimate de-risking tool and valuation asset.

Phase 3: Certification & Productization (Future, ~$46-67M Investment)
This major phase would only launch after a successful Phase 2 prototype. It involves redesigning the aircraft to meet all formal safety standards and navigating the official certification process with regulators, leading to a market-ready product.

Conclusion: A Compelling, De-risked Investment

Project Ascend is not a moonshot. It is a sequentially de-risked engineering program.

The Vision (2012-2020) is clear and operationally compelling.
The Core Technology (2021-2025) has been digitally validated and proven feasible.
The Path Forward is a staged, disciplined plan that prioritizes learning and risk reduction before committing massive capital.

The immediate requirement is a modest ~$5.5 million investment for the Integrated Feasibility Study. This study is the final check, using all prior work to confirm the integrated aircraft will work. It is a small investment that protects against a potential $30+ million mistake and unlocks the next stage of value creation. This plan proves the concept is ready to move from simulation to reality.

The Sama 2020 G2 - Multirole Aircraft

The Sama 2020 G2 is a two-seat, normally certificated aircraft designed for training, personal, and light utility use. It features a robust Lycoming engine lineup, flexible fuel options, and a structure optimized for safety and performance. Its design supports both day-VFR and IFR operations, with optional equipment for extended range and instrument flight. The aircraft is maintained under strict regulatory oversight, ensuring ongoing airworthiness and operational safety.

The Type Certificate Data Sheet for the Sama 2020 G2 provides a comprehensive explanation of the aircraft's design:

1. General Overview & Certification

Manufacturer: Jordan Aerospace Industries (JAI)
Model: Sama 2020 G2, certified in the Normal Category.
Certification Basis: Originally certified under FAR 23 (as amended) and later under CARC Part 23 (effective July 2005).
Production: Serial numbers from 21-500J onward are manufactured under JAI’s Production Certificate PC-JOR-01.

2. Powerplant & Propulsion

Engines Approved:
- Textron Lycoming O-320-E2A (with Slick magnetos and MS4SPA carburetor)
- Textron Lycoming O-360 series (A1A, A2A, A3A, A4M) – 180 HP
Fuel: Aviation gasoline 80/87 or 100/100LL
Oil: SAE 15W50 or 20W50
Propellers:
- Sensenich M74DM685 series for 140/150 BHP engines
- Sensenich 76-EM8 series for 180 BHP engines
- Minimum static RPM at full throttle: 2150 RPM

3. Performance & Operational Limits

Maximum Takeoff & Landing Weight: 2,200 lbs (1,000 kg)
Empty Weight: 1,525 lbs (approx. 692 kg)
Airspeed Limits:
- Vne (Never Exceed): 139 KCAS
- Vno (Max Cruising): 104 KCAS
- Va (Maneuvering): 104 KCAS
- Vfe (Max Flap Extended): 99 KCAS
Engine Power Limits:
- Takeoff & Continuous power settings vary by RPM (2450–2700 RPM) and BHP (140–180)

4. Weight & Balance

C.G. Range: Varies with weight, from +10.5 in to +19.7 in from the reference datum.
Reference Datum: Wing Leading Edge at Rib #4
Leveling Means: Upper Fuselage Longerons
Baggage Capacity: 300 lbs at 40 inches aft of datum
Fuel & Oil:
- Oil Capacity: 8 US quarts
- Fuel Tanks:
  - Small wing tanks: 38 US gal (usable 2x68 L)
  - Large wing tanks: 52 US gal (usable 2x94 L)

5. Configuration & Optional Equipment

Standard Seating: 2 seats at +16 in from datum
Optional IFR Configuration Includes:
- Night flying lights
- Propeller spinner
- Vacuum system with gyros
- Additional fuselage fuel tanks (small or large)
Approved for Spins: When modified per JAI’s Inspection Parts List (IPL)

6. Structural & Control Design

Control Surface Movements: Clearly defined for ailerons, stabilator, flaps, and rudder.
Wing & Stabilizer Area:
- Wing area increased to 14 m²
- Stabilizer area increased to 2.8 m²
Nose Wheel Travel: 14 degrees left or right (±1 degree)

7. Operational & Maintenance Requirements

Required Documentation:
- CARC-approved Sama 2020 G2 Airplane Flight Manual (June 2008 or later)
- Current weight & balance report with equipment list
Maintenance: Must follow the Sama 2020 G2 Service Manual
Life-Limited Components: Listed in the Service Manual
Placards: All required placards from the flight manual must be displayed

8. Design Philosophy & Key Features

Versatility: Supports both VFR and IFR operations with optional equipment.
Safety-Oriented: Clearly defined operational limits, spin approval with modifications, and strict maintenance requirements.
Compliance: Meets modern aviation standards under CARC and FAR 23.
Manufacturer Support: JAI provides continued support through service manuals, parts lists, and approved modifications.

References

Project Cost Evaluation Report

Mobile Flight Simulator Sennheiser Open.jpg

SAMA 2020 G2’s across Civilian, Military, and Other Sectors

The SAMA 2020 G2 is designed as a flexible and cost-effective platform capable of fulfilling three distinct mission packages, each tailored to specific operational needs and customer segments: Civilian Flight Training (CFT), Military Initial Flight Training (IFT), and Special Missions, including Search and Rescue and Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (SAR/ISR). This modular approach allows the aircraft to serve diverse markets while maintaining a common airframe, thereby streamlining production, maintenance, and certification processes.

The Civilian Flight Training (CFT) package is engineered to meet the demands of flight schools, aviation academies, and private training organizations. It emphasizes operational economy, reliability, and modern training capabilities. Configured typically with a 140–150 horsepower engine, the CFT variant features fuel-efficient performance, compatibility with both aviation gasoline and lower-cost automobile fuel (MOGAS), and a modern avionics suite that includes GPS navigation and glass cockpit options. Safety enhancements such as airbag seatbelts, spin-resistant design, and external cameras for instructional debriefing make it an ideal platform for ab initio pilot training. Its low operating costs and high dispatch reliability are particularly appealing to civilian training programs operating under tight budgets.

For Military Initial Flight Training (IFT), the aircraft is upgraded to meet the rigorous requirements of military aviation training. This package includes a more powerful 150–180 horsepower engine, military-grade IFR avionics, encrypted communications, and provisions for tactical training equipment such as external hardpoints for training stores and night vision compatible lighting. The airframe is reinforced to withstand high-cycle training operations, and the cockpit is configured to introduce cadets to mission planning, formation flying, and simulated tactical navigation. The IFT variant serves as an affordable yet capable entry-level trainer, preparing pilots for transition to more advanced jet or multi-engine aircraft, and is suited for air forces, naval aviation programs, and defense training academies worldwide.

The Special Missions package (MMP) transforms the SAMA 2020 G2 into a versatile platform for roles such as Search and Rescue (SAR), border patrol, and Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR). This configuration is equipped with extended-range fuel tanks, providing over seven hours of endurance, and is integrated with advanced mission systems including electro-optical/infrared (EO/IR) sensor turrets, satellite communications, datalinks, and optional maritime radar. The aircraft can be quickly reconfigured for various roles: as a SAR platform, it can carry searchlights, loudspeakers, and medical evacuation litters; for ISR missions, it supports real-time video downlink and target tracking. This multi-role capability makes it an attractive, low-cost solution for coast guards, border security agencies, and defense forces requiring persistent aerial surveillance or responsive search and rescue operations.

Together, these three mission packages demonstrate the SAMA 2020 G2’s adaptability and value across civilian, military, and government sectors. By leveraging a common certified design, the aircraft reduces lifecycle costs while offering tailored configurations that meet specific operational requirements—a strategic advantage in competitive global aerospace markets.

Simultaneous HF, UHF, VHF Capability

Indeed, the SAMA 2020 G2 stands out as a unique light aircraft certified under FAR 23 that is designed from the outset to integrate HF, UHF, and VHF communications systems simultaneously, making it exceptionally suitable for military training and special missions operations. This capability is not merely an aftermarket addition—it is a core design feature, enabling the aircraft to meet the rigorous and varied communication requirements of modern military and government aviation.

Integrated Multi-Band Communication System Design

Simultaneous HF, UHF, VHF Capability

The SAMA 2020 G2’s avionics architecture is pre-wired and structurally prepared to house and operate all three bands concurrently:

HF (High Frequency): For long-range, beyond-line-of-sight communication, essential for over-water, cross-border, and remote area operations.
VHF (Very High Frequency): Standard for civilian and military ATC communication, IFR operations, and air-to-ground coordination.
UHF (Ultra High Frequency): Used for military tactical communication, encrypted nets, and interoperability with ground forces and other military aircraft.

This tri-band integration is rare in the light aircraft category, particularly under FAR 23, as it requires careful electromagnetic compatibility planning, additional cooling, antenna placement optimization, and power supply management—all of which are incorporated into the SAMA 2020 G2’s base design.

Engineering & Certification Considerations

Antenna Placement and Airframe Modifications

The aircraft’s airframe includes pre-designated antenna mounting points and internal wiring conduits for:

HF long-wire or blade antennas
VHF/UHF blade or stub antennas
Reduced interference through strategic positioning and shielding

Avionics Stack and Cooling

The panel and avionics bay are designed to accommodate:

Multiple radios operating simultaneously without interference
Enhanced cooling systems to manage additional avionics heat load
Dual or backup electrical buses to ensure communication system redundancy

FAR 23 Certification Compliance

Despite the advanced radio fit, the aircraft remains fully compliant with FAR 23 Normal Category requirements. The integration was part of the original type certification basis, meaning no supplemental type certificates (STCs) or major modifications are required for the standard military configuration—a significant advantage in terms of cost, time, and regulatory simplicity.

Operational Advantages for Military Missions

Communication BandMilitary ApplicationBenefit in SAMA 2020 G2

HFLong-range SAR, maritime patrol, cross-border opsEnables communication in remote/overseas theaters without ground stations

VHFCivil ATC coordination, training in mixed airspaceSeamless integration into civilian airspace during joint or training missions

UHFTactical air-ground coordination, encrypted comms, interoperability with NATO/allied forcesReady for network-centric warfare and secure operations

Comparison with Other Light Aircraft

Most light trainers and utility aircraft under FAR 23—such as the Cessna 172, Diamond DA40, or Piper Archer—are not designed from the factory to host simultaneous HF, UHF, and VHF systems. Adding such capability typically requires:

Costly STCs
Structural modifications
Risk of electromagnetic interference
Reduced useful load due to added weight and wiring

The SAMA 2020 G2 is exceptional in this regard, offering a militarized communication suite as a factory-standard or factory-approved option, preserving useful load, maintaining aerodynamic cleanliness, and ensuring full warranty and certification integrity.

✅ Why This Matters for Military Buyers

Plug-and-Play Readiness: No lengthy modification process; the aircraft can be delivered mission-ready.
Interoperability: Can communicate with civil aviation, ground troops, naval units, and command centers simultaneously.
Training Flexibility: Ideal for training pilots who will transition to frontline military aircraft with similar multi-band communication requirements.
Cost Efficiency: Avoids costly retrofits and maintains one set of maintenance and operational procedures.

Recommended Configuration for Military Training & Light ISR

HF Radio: Harris Radio Military
VHF Radio: Garmin GTR 225B or Becker AR-6201
UHF Radio: Harris Radio Military
Encryption Module: Integrated secure voice/data capability
Control System: Centralized audio control panel with programmable presets

Conclusion

The SAMA 2020 G2 is uniquely positioned as a FAR 23-certified light aircraft that can be factory-configured with simultaneous HF, UHF, and VHF communication systems—a capability that is rare, highly valued, and operationally critical for military training and light special missions. This design foresight makes it an ideal, cost-effective platform for air forces, coast guards, and government agencies seeking a trainer and light utility aircraft that can communicate across all operational spectra without modification.

This inherent capability supports roles ranging from initial flight training to advanced tactical communication training, border patrol, maritime surveillance, and joint civil-military operations—all within a certified, affordable, and logistically supportable platform.

The aerodynamic design of the Sama 2020 G2

The aerodynamic design of the Sama 2020 G2 reflects a balanced approach tailored for flight training, personal travel, and light utility operations. With a wing area of 14 square meters and a moderate aspect ratio of 6.58, the aircraft achieves an optimal compromise between lift efficiency, structural weight, and handling characteristics. The wing’s design supports a relatively low wing loading of approximately 701 pascals (14.6 pounds per square foot), which contributes to the aircraft’s forgiving stall behavior and short takeoff and landing capabilities—key attributes for training environments and operations from modest airfields.

In terms of performance, the Sama 2020 G2 exhibits a lift-to-drag ratio of approximately 10 to 11 in its most efficient configuration, indicating competent aerodynamic efficiency for its class. This enables the aircraft to achieve a cruise speed of approximately 130 knots while maintaining a reasonable fuel economy. The estimated maximum lift coefficient in clean configuration is approximately 1.3, increasing to between 1.6 and 1.8 with flaps deployed. This enables a stall speed of roughly 54 knots at maximum takeoff weight, enhancing low-speed safety and controllability. The aircraft’s drag profile is characterized by a low zero-lift drag coefficient, likely between 0.03 and 0.04, suggesting careful attention to aerodynamic cleanliness in its design.

Power and propulsion are well-matched to the airframe’s aerodynamic characteristics. With a power loading of approximately 12.2 pounds per horsepower, the Sama 2020 G2 is adequately powered without being overpowered, prioritizing fuel efficiency and operational economy over raw performance. This is complemented by a climb rate of 950 feet per minute and a service ceiling of 13,000 feet, providing practical operational flexibility for both visual and instrument flight rules conditions. The aircraft’s takeoff and landing distances—290 meters and 244 meters respectively—underscore its short-field capability, making it suitable for a variety of runway environments.

Control and stability are integral to the design philosophy, with control surface authority carefully calibrated to provide responsive yet predictable handling. The aircraft’s lateral control effectiveness, derived from its aileron design and wing geometry, supports crisp roll response appropriate for both training maneuvers and precise course corrections. Longitudinal stability is managed through a stabilator area of 2.8 square meters, contributing to consistent pitch behavior across its speed envelope. These aerodynamic qualities, combined with its certification for spinning when appropriately modified, highlight an airframe designed to be both forgiving for beginners and engaging for experienced pilots.

Overall, the Sama 2020 G2 embodies a practical and thoughtfully engineered aerodynamic solution. It balances efficiency, safety, and operational versatility within the constraints of light aircraft design, making it a competent platform for its intended roles in training, touring, and light utility aviation.

The Global Civil Aviation Flight Training Market was valued at USD 3 billion in 2024 and is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 7.5% to reach USD 6.2 billion by 2034.

Airlines are increasingly prioritizing high-fidelity training solutions to enhance safety standards and improve pilot proficiency in line with global aviation regulations. Flight academies and aviation institutes are adopting certified devices to ensure their training programs meet licensing requirements and international standards. As fleet sizes grow and pilot shortages persist, especially in emerging markets.

Compact Multisensor Gyro Stabilized Surveillance System UltraForce 350_edited.jpg

Welcome
to airborne ISR market

The airborne ISR market size has grown strongly in recent years. It will grow from $29.72 billion in 2024 to $31.59 billion in 2025 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.3%. The growth in the historic period can be attributed to military conflicts, geopolitical tensions, the rise in defense budgets, the threat of terrorism, and government initiatives.

Investment of 2020 G2 from R&D to Certification

The development of the Sama 2020 G2 aircraft represents a structured and strategically justified investment in aerospace certification, production readiness, and market entry. According to a detailed valuation prepared by McNeal & Associates Consultants in 2011, the total investment required to bring the Sama 2020 G2 from design to a fully certified, production-ready aircraft is estimated between $10.5 million and $14 million (in 2010 U.S. dollars). This investment is distributed across three major certification phases:

Type Certification, which encompasses design, prototyping, and regulatory approval
Production Certification, covering tooling, quality assurance, and manufacturing setup
Ongoing Airworthiness Support, which ensures long-term technical and logistical backing for the aircraft fleet

The largest component of this investment is the Type Certification, valued at approximately $7 to $9 million. This phase involves extensive engineering effort—over 50,000 hours of professional work—alongside prototyping, flight testing, and compliance validation with the Jordan Civil Aviation Regulatory Commission (CARC-Jordan), whose standards align with those of the FAA and EASA. Notably, the Sama 2020 G2 benefited from being a derivative of the earlier CH 2000 design, which significantly reduced development time and costs compared to a clean-sheet aircraft. A NASA/FAA cost estimation model, adjusted for inflation, projected a higher certification cost of around $13.57 million for a similar aircraft, but McNeal & Associates emphasized that the actual outlay for the Sama 2020 G2 was lower due to strategic efficiencies, such as the reuse of existing design data, regional labor advantages in Jordan, and simplified certification pathways.

Following type approval, an additional $3 to $4 million was allocated to Production Certification. This investment covered the development of precision jigs, fixtures, and hard tooling necessary for serial manufacturing, as well as the implementation of a rigorous quality assurance system to ensure every produced aircraft conformed exactly to the certified design. Jordan Aerospace Industries’ status as the only certified light aircraft manufacturer in the Middle East provided further cost advantages in terms of localized supply chains and production expertise. Finally, between $500,000 and $1 million was earmarked for ongoing Airworthiness Support, encompassing the provision of spare parts, technical documentation, service bulletins, and customer training—essential elements for maintaining the aircraft’s operational legality and customer satisfaction over its lifecycle.

From a commercial perspective, this investment is well-justified by the aircraft’s diversified market appeal and proven sales track record. The Sama 2020 G2 is not a single model but a platform offering eight distinct variants, ranging from basic IFR trainers and agricultural sprayers to advanced military surveillance and luxury private aircraft. Base prices in 2011 ranged from $231,000 for the entry-level trainer to $431,000 for the high-end luxury version, with additional revenue streams available through optional avionics, mission payloads such as electro-optical infrared sensors, and specialized military communications suites. The platform had already demonstrated market validation through deliveries to the Yemen Air Academy, the North African Training Academy in Libya, and operational deployment with the U.S. Army in Iraq for surveillance and training roles.

Financially, the investment is further mitigated by Jordan Aerospace Industries’ strategic positioning and lower regional production costs. The company’s existing infrastructure, combined with its unique certification in the Middle East, reduced upfront capital expenditure and accelerated time-to-market. Moreover, the Sama 2020 G2 was designed with operational economy in mind, featuring low fuel consumption, ease of maintenance, and compatibility with both aviation gasoline and automobile fuel (MOGAS), enhancing its attractiveness to cost-sensitive civil and military operators. The combination of moderate development costs, diversified product offerings, and early market penetration underscores the prudence of the investment, transforming the Sama 2020 G2 from a certification project into a viable, revenue-generating aerospace product with tangible export and operational potential.

Relocating production and certification activities

In a formal letter dated August 17, 2020, the Civil Aviation Regulatory Commission (CARC) of Jordan informed Jordan Aerospace Industries (JAI) that it would not accept any new applications for aircraft Type Certification at that time. The decision was based on CARC’s assessment that it lacked the necessary specialized experts, technical manpower, and institutional resources required to conduct a full certification process.

CARC explained that type certification is a highly complex undertaking that demands expertise across multiple engineering and safety disciplines—such as flight performance, structures, avionics, powerplant systems, and software—and that the scope of required resources depends directly on the complexity of the aircraft design. As the aviation regulatory authority for Jordan, CARC is obligated under international standards to act as the State of Design, ensuring that all certification activities meet stringent safety and compliance benchmarks.

Due to its current inability to field a qualified certification team, CARC determined it could not fulfill this obligation and therefore suspended acceptance of new certification applications until further notice. The letter underscores a significant regulatory capacity constraint within Jordan’s aviation authority, directly impacting domestic aerospace manufacturers like JAI seeking to certify new or modified aircraft designs

Given the regulatory capacity constraints identified in the CARC letter—specifically Jordan's inability to support new type certification due to a lack of specialized experts and resources—relocating production and certification activities to Canada, the United States, or the Czech Republic is a strategically sound and necessary move. Each of these countries offers robust aviation regulatory frameworks, deep expertise in aerospace certification, and established ecosystems for aircraft manufacturing and design approval.

🇨🇦 Canada

Regulatory Authority: Transport Canada Civil Aviation (TCCA)
Strengths:

Harmonized regulations with FAA (U.S.) and EASA (Europe)
Strong aerospace cluster in Quebec, Ontario, and British Columbia
Experience in certifying light aircraft and trainers
Supportive government programs for aerospace innovation and export

Certification Path:
TCCA accepts applications under Part V of the Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs). The process is well-defined, with access to specialized certification teams. Canada also has bilateral agreements with the FAA and EASA, facilitating future export certification.

🇺🇸 United States

Regulatory Authority: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
Strengths:

World’s most recognized certification authority (FAA certification adds global credibility)
Vast network of FAA Designated Engineering Representatives (DERs) and authorized resources
Large domestic and export market for general aviation and military trainers
Strong supply chain and MRO (Maintenance, Repair, Overhaul) infrastructure

Certification Path:
Certification under FAA Part 23 (Normal Category). Given the Sama 2020 G2’s existing CARC certification basis (aligned with FAR 23), transitioning to FAA certification is feasible. The FAA also has well-established procedures for validating foreign certifications and issuing Supplemental Type Certificates (STCs).

🇨🇿 Czech Republic

Regulatory Authority: Civil Aviation Authority of the Czech Republic (CAA CZ), operating under EASA (European Union Aviation Safety Agency)
Strengths:

Central European aerospace hub with skilled engineering workforce
Lower production costs compared to Western Europe and North America
EASA certification provides access to the entire European market
Strong tradition in light aircraft manufacturing (e.g., Aero Vodochody, Evektor)

Certification Path:
Certification under EASA CS-23 (formerly JAR-23). EASA has a rigorous but clear certification process, with the Czech CAA acting as the competent authority. EASA certification is globally respected and required for sales in EU member states.

Recommended Transition Strategy

Immediate Step: Engage with regulatory consultants in the target country to assess the certification basis transition from CARC-Jordan to FAA, TCCA, or EASA.
Parallel Path: Maintain existing CARC Type Certificate for already certified models while pursuing new certification in the chosen jurisdiction for future production and derivatives.
Leverage Existing Documentation: Much of the Sama 2020 G2 certification data (testing reports, manuals, design drawings) can be reused or adapted, reducing cost and time.
Consider Joint Certification: Some countries allow streamlined validation of existing certifications. For example, the FAA may accept CARC certification with additional testing and documentation.

Comparative Summary

CountryAuthorityKey AdvantageMarket AccessEstimated Time/Cost

USAFAAGlobal recognition, large GA marketAmericas, Asia, Middle EastModerate to High

CanadaTCCAHarmonization with FAA/EASA, government supportCommonwealth, Europe via EASA tiesModerate

Czech RepublicEASA via CAA CZEU market entry, skilled labor, cost efficiencyEuropean Union, Africa, AsiaModerate

✅ Conclusion

Relocating certification and production from Jordan to Canada, the U.S., or the Czech Republic is not only a practical response to CARC’s limitations but also a strategic opportunity to enhance global marketability, ensure regulatory sustainability, and access larger aerospace ecosystems. The Sama 2020 G2’s existing design maturity and certification heritage will facilitate a smoother transition, positioning JAI for renewed growth and international credibility.

Estimated Cost Breakdown for Transfer to Canada

Using Transport Canada Civil Aviation (TCCA) as the target authority, here is a plausible cost structure:

1. Regulatory Re-Certification & Validation: $2M - $5M

Basis: This is the largest cost component for the transfer. Since the aircraft is already certified (under CARC, aligned with FAR 23), the goal is validation, not starting from scratch.
Activities & Costs:
- Gap Analysis & Application: Hiring Canadian aviation regulatory consultants to map CARC certification to TCCA standards (CAR 523). ($100k - $300k)
- Technical Documentation Review: TCCA engineers will review all design, testing, and compliance data. This requires preparation, translation (if needed), and submission. ($500k - $1.5M in engineering/consultant fees).
- Flight Testing & Demonstrations: Limited flight testing on Canadian soil with a TCCA pilot to verify performance and handling. ($200k - $600k for aircraft transport, pilot, instrumentation, and TC flight test observer time).
- Additional Compliance Items: Addressing any specific Canadian requirements (e.g., cold weather operations, French-language documentation for the Canadian market). ($200k - $500k)
- Transport Canada Fees: Direct charges for the certification oversight program. ($500k - $1.5M+ depending on scope and time).

2. Production Facility Setup & Tooling Transfer: $1M - $3M

Basis: Establishing a new, TCCA-approved production line in Canada.
Activities & Costs:
- Tooling & Jigs: Dismantling, shipping, and re-calibrating critical jigs and fixtures from Jordan. Building new tooling for any components sourced locally. ($500k - $1.5M)
- Quality System Implementation: Developing a Production Certificate (PC) or Supplier Approval under TCCA. This involves writing a complete Quality Assurance Manual and undergoing audits. ($300k - $800k)
- Facility Lease/Prep: Securing a hangar or factory space and setting up assembly stations. ($200k - $700k)

3. Administrative, Legal & Business Relocation: $500k - $1.5M

Basis: The non-engineering costs of establishing a legal entity and operations.
Activities & Costs:
- Legal & Incorporation: Setting up a Canadian subsidiary, navigating import/export laws, and managing intellectual property transfer. ($200k - $500k)
- Supply Chain Re-establishment: Qualifying new Canadian/North American suppliers for raw materials, avionics, and components. ($200k - $600k)
- Personnel & Training: Relocating key Jordanian technicians/engineers and hiring/training Canadian staff. ($100k - $400k)

Total Estimated Transfer Cost: $3.5M - $9.5M (CAD)

Important Variables Affecting Final Cost:

Level of TCCA Involvement: A "delegated" process using authorized consultants is cheaper than a direct "TCCA-led" process.
Completeness of Original Data: If the Sama 2020 G2's certification data is complete, well-organized, and in English, costs drop significantly.
Strategic Partnerships: Partnering with an existing Canadian aerospace firm (e.g., in Quebec or Ontario) could drastically reduce facility and certification costs through shared resources and expertise.
Government Incentives: Canadian federal and provincial governments (e.g., Quebec, Manitoba, Ontario) offer grants, tax credits, and loans for aerospace manufacturing setup, which could offset 20-40% of the total cost.

Strategic Rationale & Conclusion

The CARC letter confirms that relocation is necessary for future development. Canada is a strategically sound choice because:

Regulatory Harmony: TCCA has strong bilateral agreements with the FAA (U.S.) and EASA (Europe). A Canadian certification eases future validation in the world's largest aviation markets.
Established Aerospace Ecosystem: Access to a skilled workforce, suppliers, and a supportive government agency (Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada - ISED).
Credibility: A TCCA certification enhances global marketability beyond the limitations of the CARC certificate.

Recommendation:
Jordan Aerospace Industries should initiate a Phase-1 Feasibility Study with a Canadian aerospace consulting firm and engage with Transport Canada and Provincial Economic Development agencies (e.g., Aéro Montréal, Ontario Aerospace Council). This study, costing approximately $100k-$200k, would provide a precise cost estimate, identify potential government funding, and outline a definitive certification and transfer roadmap.

In summary, while not a trivial expense, transferring the Sama 2020 G2 program to Canada is a viable strategic investment, with an estimated cost range of $4-10 million, potentially offset by incentives. This move would resolve the regulatory blockade in Jordan and position the aircraft for sustainable growth in the North American and European markets.

Understanding Ground Effect in the SAMA 2020 G2

Understanding Ground Effect in the SAMA 2020 G2: Why It Floats on Landing and How to Manage It

Prepared for: Test Pilots, Inventor, and Operators of the SAMA 2020 G2
Document Version: 1.0
Date: October 2019

Executive Summary

This report explains the aerodynamic phenomenon of ground effect as it specifically applies to the SAMA 2020 G2 aircraft. Ground effect is a critical factor during takeoff and landing, causing the aircraft to exhibit a pronounced "floating" behavior just above the runway. Understanding this effect is essential for achieving smooth, controlled, and safe landings, especially given the G2's low-wing design and moderate wing loading.

1. What is Ground Effect?

Ground effect is the aerodynamic change that occurs when an aircraft flies within approximately one wingspan of the ground or another surface. In this regime, the interaction between the wing's downwash and the ground reduces induced drag and alters the lift distribution.

For the SAMA 2020 G2, with a wingspan of 31.1 feet (9.6 meters), ground effect becomes significant below about 30 feet AGL and is most pronounced in the final few feet of the landing flare.

2. The Aerodynamics of Ground Effect in the SAMA 2020 G2

Key Design Factors:

Low-Wing Configuration: The wing's proximity to the ground amplifies the ground effect interaction.
Wing Area: 150 sq ft (14 sq m) provides a broad lifting surface that is sensitive to changes in airflow.
Aspect Ratio: 6.58 – Moderate aspect ratio means noticeable reduction in wingtip vortices near the ground.

What Happens Aerodynamically:

Reduced Induced Drag: As the G2 descends into ground effect, the ground plane interferes with the wingtip vortices that normally spiral downward from the wingtips. This disruption decreases the downwash angle behind the wing. With less downwash, the effective angle of attack is increased, and—more importantly—the induced drag (the drag created as a byproduct of lift) is significantly reduced.
Increased Lift-to-Drag Ratio (L/D): The reduction in drag means the wing operates more efficiently. For the same power setting and pitch attitude, the aircraft experiences less drag and thus seems to "float" on a cushion of air, resisting the descent.
Altered Stall Characteristics: While in ground effect, the wing will stall at a slightly lower angle of attack than in free air. However, the critical point for landing is that the wing can produce adequate lift at a lower power setting and slower indicated airspeed, which can deceive a pilot into carrying excess speed.

3. The "SAMA 2020 G2 Float": Pilot Experience and Symptoms

Pilots transitioning to or training in the G2 should be prepared for the following sensations and indications during the landing phase:

Reduced Rate of Descent: As you cross the runway threshold and reduce power, the expected sink rate may not materialize. The aircraft will want to maintain altitude in the final 5-10 feet.
Excessive Float: If the final approach speed is even 5-10 knots above the recommended Vref (1.3 x Vso), the G2 can float hundreds of feet down the runway before touching down.
Pitch Sensitivity: Small pitch changes in ground effect can result in larger-than-expected altitude changes due to the altered lift/drag relationship.
"Mushy" Control Feel: The reduced drag and altered airflow over control surfaces can make the ailerons and elevator feel less responsive during the flare.

Recommended Approach Speed (Vref):

Vso (Stall Speed, Flaps Down): ~48 KCAS (from specifications)
Final Approach Speed (1.3 Vso): ~62 KCAS at maximum landing weight.
Note: Adjust for weight and conditions, but avoid exceeding 65-70 KCAS on final to minimize float.

4. Managing Ground Effect: Pilot Techniques for the G2

To achieve consistent, positive landings in the SAMA 2020 G2, employ these techniques:

Stabilize Early: Establish a stable approach at the correct speed (~62-65 KCAS) and descent path well before the threshold. The G2 is forgiving but demands precision on short final.
Use a Definite Flare: Initiate a smooth, continuous flare at approximately 10-20 feet AGL. The goal is to arrest the descent rate, not to hold the aircraft off the ground.
Reduce Power Judiciously: During the flare, reduce throttle to idle. Do not "chop" the power; a smooth reduction helps manage the decay of lift and drag.
Accept the Touchdown: As the power comes to idle and the aircraft settles, allow it to touchdown. Do not force it by pushing forward on the yoke. If a float develops, maintain back pressure and let the speed bleed off naturally until the mains contact.
Go-Around Decision: If the float carries you past the first third of the runway or airspeed decays below control authority, EXECUTE A GO-AROUND IMMEDIATELY. Add full power, accelerate in ground effect, and climb out.

5. Special Considerations & Training Notes

Crosswind Landings: Ground effect can lessen the effectiveness of aileron input for crosswind correction. Maintain positive rudder control to keep the nose aligned with the runway centerline.
Soft/Short Field Technique: For maximum performance landings, use the recommended short-field approach speed and plan to use ground effect to your advantage. Fly the wheels onto the runway at the minimum safe speed to minimize float and stopping distance.
Instructor Emphasis: Flight instructors should demonstrate the dramatic difference between a stabilized, on-speed approach and a fast approach to build the student's recognition and muscle memory for managing float.

Conclusion

The SAMA 2020 G2, with its efficient low-wing design, is susceptible to a noticeable and sometimes pronounced ground effect. This is not a flaw, but a fundamental aerodynamic characteristic. Mastery of this phenomenon is a key mark of proficiency in the aircraft. By understanding the aerodynamics, respecting the recommended approach speeds, and applying disciplined landing techniques, pilots can consistently transition the G2 from a stable approach to a smooth, safe touchdown.

Fly Smart, and Happy Landings.

This report is based on the aerodynamic principles of ground effect and the published specifications of the SAMA 2020 G2. Always consult the official SAMA 2020 G2 Airplane Flight Manual for definitive operating procedures and limitations.

It has been in service since 2005, has proven its effectiveness in combat roles, and has never been shot down

The Market Size

A Geopolitical Impact Investment for Sovereign Defense Autonomy

Project SAMA: A Geopolitical Impact Investment for Sovereign Defense Autonomy 2026 - 2033

​

A Sovereign Solution, Tailored for Your Nation

The First, Decisive Step

​

SAMA Aerospace Sovereign Initiative

SAMA Aerospace Sovereign Initiative: The 5-Year Mission

​

Our Accelerated Journey: From Vision to Guardian (2026-2031)

The Investment Pathway: Climbing the Capability Ladder

Why This Works: The CBCIIN Advantage

Aircraft Evolution: From Trainer to Sovereign Guardian

Core Identity & Purpose

Takeoff & Landing

Power & Propulsion

Pilot Control & "Brain"

Endurance & Stealth

Sensing & Awareness

Mission Role

Basing & Sovereignty

fundamentally new class of intelligent combat and sovereignty system

Core Cognitive & Perceptual Capabilities

​

Transformative Operational Capabilities

Strategic & Geopolitical Impact

Limitations & Ethical Provocations

The Sovereign Logistics Network

Project Khazna: The Sovereign Logistics Network

The Vision

Why It Works: The Perfect Design

Three-Stage Development Pathway

Stage 1: The Rapid Conversion Kit (12 Months)

Stage 2: The Hybrid-EVTOL Workhorse (24 Months)

Stage 3: The Sovereign Network (Ongoing)

Who Benefits: Our Service Tiers

Geopolitical Advantages

How We Integrate with the Broader SAMA Vision

The Investment Journey

Why This Accelerates Our Mission

Risk Management: Our Smart Approach

The Bigger Picture: Logistics as Sovereignty

Project Ascend-V

Experimental Prototype Development (Pilot Project)

A Revised, Lower-Risk Strategy

Investment and Timeline to a Flying Proof-of-Concept

The Experimental Development Phase

Advantages of the Experimental Approach

The Certification Phase: A Conditional Next Step

Funding and Risk Management Strategy

The Value Proposition

Next Generation SAMA 2020 G2 Hybrid eVTOL-FW

Project Ascend: Next Generation SAMA 2020 G2 Hybrid eVTOL-FW

​

Engineering & Operations Plan

​

1.0 Project Overview & Mission Statement

2.0 Engineering Specifications & Modifications

2.1 Core System Architecture

2.2 Weight Budget Analysis (Estimated)

3.0 Operational Flight Profile & Procedures

​

3.1 Pre-Flight & System Check

3.2 Takeoff & Transition (Typical Sequence)

3.3 Landing Sequence

4.0 Development, Testing, & Certification Roadmap

​

5.0 Critical Engineering & Operational Challenges

​

6.0 Conclusion & Path Forward

The Physics of Flight

3.0 The Physics of Flight: A Four-Phase Regime-Specific Profile

​

4.0 Development Roadmap & Scientific Challenges

​

5.0 Primary Scientific & Engineering Challenges

6.0 Conclusion: A Path to a New Capability

Project Ascend: A Proven Concept R&D Plan

Welcome
to airborne ISR market

Using Transport Canada Civil Aviation (TCCA) as the target authority, here is a plausible cost structure: